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A Blog to help you.

Different Blog Posts to understand and stop acid reflux (GERD & LPR).

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  • Blog
  • Food and Drink
  • Suffering LPR?
  • About Me
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  • Blog
  • Food and Drink
  • Suffering LPR?
  • About Me

A Blog to help you.

Different Blog Posts to understand and stop acid reflux (GERD & LPR).

Laryngopharyngeal reflux or silent reflux: Diagnostic, symptoms and treatment

Laryngopharyngeal reflux, also referred to as "silent reflux," is a potential complication that can arise in those with chronic heartburn and acid reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A malfunction of the sphincter muscle located at the end of the esophagus can cause gastric acid to back up into the throat, larynx, or even the nasal passage, inflaming these areas that are not equipped to resist gastric acid.

 

Infants are more prone to experiencing silent reflux as a result of their less developed sphincter muscles, shorter esophagus, and tendency to spend a significant amount of time in a reclined position. Symptoms of silent reflux in adults differ from those of GERD since the acid is directed to the larynx instead of the esophagus, which makes diagnosis more challenging because the symptoms manifest as coughing.

Silent Reflux Symptoms

  • Excessive throat clearing: It is the constant need to clear the throat. This may be caused by inflammation in the throat due to gastric acid backing up from the stomach.
  • Persistent cough: It is a cough that lasts for more than three weeks. In the case of laryngopharyngeal reflux, the cough is caused by irritation and inflammation in the larynx due to gastric acid backing up.
  • Hoarseness: it is an alteration in the voice that makes it hoarse, rough, or weak. The presence of gastric acid in the larynx can cause swelling and edema, which can lead to hoarseness.
  • A "lump" in the throat that does not go away with repeated swallowing: this sensation is known as pharyngeal globus and may be caused by inflammation and swelling in the larynx due to gastric acid backing up.
  • A sensation of post-nasal drip or excess mucus in the throat: this is because inflammation in the larynx causes an increase in mucus production, which can cause a sensation of post-nasal drip or excess mucus in the throat.
  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia): gastric acid can damage the esophagus and make swallowing painful or difficult.
  • Breathing difficulty: inflammation in the larynx due to gastric acid can cause a feeling of tightness in the throat, which can make breathing difficult.
  • Sore throat: swelling and edema in the larynx can cause a sore throat, which may worsen when swallowing or speaking.

 

One of the possible complications of silent reflux is microaspiration and consequent infections or respiratory problems. In a study published in the Annals of the American Thoracic Society, it was shown that:

 

“Microaspiration, or silent aspiration, is commonly suspected in patients with refractory respiratory symptoms. Our clinical review examines some of the evidence supporting reflux-aspiration as a mechanism for several chronic respiratory disorders”.

Differences between laryngopharyngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease

Silent reflux and GERD are two conditions that share similar symptoms but have some important differences.

 

Silent reflux occurs when stomach contents reflux into the esophagus, but do not cause obvious symptoms such as heartburn or chest pain. Instead, symptoms may include chronic coughing, wheezing, hoarseness, or throat irritation. These symptoms are due to irritation of the esophagus and throat tissue caused by repeated exposure to gastric acid and other stomach contents.

 

On the other hand, GERD is a chronic disease caused by frequent reflux of gastric acid into the esophagus. Symptoms include heartburn, chest pain, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing, chronic coughing, and hoarseness. In the long term, acid reflux can damage the esophagus and increase the risk of esophageal cancer.

Diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux

Because of the multiple possible etiologies for respiratory and laryngeal symptoms, establishing laryngopharyngeal reflux as the cause based on symptoms alone is unreliable. Laryngoscopic findings such as erythema, edema, laryngeal granulomas, and inter arytenoid hypertrophy have been used to establish a diagnosis.

 

However, these findings are not specific at all and have been described in most asymptomatic subjects who undergo laryngoscopy. Enhancement with acid suppression therapy has been proposed as a diagnostic tool, but studies have shown that the reaction to such therapy in empirical trials is often disappointing.

 

Before a diagnosis can be made, the physician will need to take down the patient's medical history and ask for details about the symptoms the patient is experiencing. Next, the physician will need to perform a physical examination with special concentration on the head and neck.

 

The physician may need to use a specialized fiber-optic camera. This is gently inserted into the patient's throat while displaying images on a monitor. This allows the physician a clearer look at the throat and especially the larynx. Telltale signs include redness, swelling, and obvious irritation. The doctor can study reflux through different diagnostic tests:

 

  • Gastroscopy: allows knowing if esophageal inflammation (esophagitis) has occurred and its severity. It also allows taking samples for biopsy in the case of finding lesions and ruling out other diseases that may simulate reflux.
  • Esophageal manometry: a probe is used to study how the esophagus moves when the patient swallows liquids.
  • X-rays with contrast: a liquid is administered orally, which is opaque and can be seen by X-rays. The passage from the esophagus to the stomach and the existence or not of reflux into the esophagus is studied.
  • 24-hour pHmetry: consists of inserting a probe through the nose with a system at the tip that detects the pH in the esophagus and/or stomach. It allows for knowing when reflux episodes occur, how long they last, whether or not they are related to symptoms, etc.

Treatment of silent reflux

Treatment for silent reflux involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medications to reduce symptoms and prevent long-term damage to the esophagus. In most cases, the combination of dietary and hygienic combination of medications achieves symptom remission. However, it is important for a physician to determine the best treatment plan for each individual situation.

Lifestyle changes to reduce laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms

Diet is one of the most effective tools for reducing symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux. It is important to follow a low-acid diet to avoid throat irritation. Some recommended foods include melon, celery, banana, and green leafy vegetables. On the other hand, spicy or fried foods, fatty foods, citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, cheese, garlic, or mint should be avoided.

Avoiding certain beverages

In addition to food, certain beverages can aggravate the symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux, such as coffee, carbonated beverages, and alcohol. Their consumption is discouraged and their replacement with water or non-caffeinated beverages is suggested.

Eating habits

It is important not only to consider what foods and beverages are consumed but also how they are consumed. Eating slowly, chewing food well, avoiding large meals, and avoiding lying down immediately after eating can help reduce symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux. In addition, it is recommended to eat early in the day and avoid eating too close to bedtime.

Stress reduction and healthy habits

Stress is an aggravating factor for laryngopharyngeal reflux, so it is recommended to maintain a healthy and balanced lifestyle, exercise regularly, and get enough sleep to help reduce stress levels. In addition, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking are suggested to reduce symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux.

 

Scientists at the University of Vienna described in a recent study that most overweight people are prone to this disease.

 

“Silent reflux affects a majority of asymptomatic patients with morbid obesity prior to primary bariatric surgery”.

Pharmacological treatment

Pharmacological treatment is effective in mitigating the symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux. In particular, proton pump inhibitors are the most effective because they significantly reduce the amount of gastric acid. Among these, omeprazole stands out. In addition, other drugs such as antacids or histamine antagonists are also frequently used. In some cases, prokinetic drug therapy may be used.

 

  • Proton pump inhibitors: Medications that reduce the amount of acid produced by the stomach.
    • Omeprazole
    • Lansoprazole
    • Pantoprazole
    • Esomeprazole
    • Rabeprazole
  • Antacids: Medications that neutralize stomach acid.
    • Aluminum magnesium hydroxide
    • Calcium carbonate
    • Magnesium hydroxide
  • Histamine antagonists: Drugs that reduce stomach acid production by interrupting a chemical called histamine.
    • Ranitidine
    • Famotidine
    • Cimetidine
  • Prokinetic drugs: Medications that help move food through the digestive system more quickly, which can reduce the time acid stays in the esophagus.
    • Metoclopramide
    • Domperidone
    •  

A paper in the prestigious journal JAMA proposes that in cases where laryngopharyngeal reflux is associated with GERD, surgical management may be beneficial:

 

“The subgroup of patients with extraesophageal GERD, which included patients with silent reflux, symptomatic response to antireflux medications was associated with response to surgical therapies”.

References

  1. Kristo, I., Paireder, M., Jomrich, G., Felsenreich, D. M., Fischer, M., Hennerbichler, F. P., Langer, F. B., Prager, G., & Schoppmann, S. F. (2020). Silent gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with morbid obesity prior to primary metabolic surgery. Obesity Surgery, 30(12), 4885-4891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-04959-6
  2. Lee, A. S., Lee, J. S., He, Z., & Ryu, J. H. (2020). Reflux-aspiration in chronic lung disease. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 17(2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201906-427CME
  3. Naik, R. D., & Vaezi, M. F. (2019). Outcomes data on surgical therapies for silent reflux. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 145(7), 667-668. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2019.0340

 

 


ABOUT ME

Autor

Hasan

Hello, my name is Hasan. With the german version of my REFLUX FORMULA I helped over thousands of people from Germany, Austria and Swiss, to cured their silent reflux symptoms.

more BLOG POSTS

  • Why sport can be risky for acid reflux
  • The best medicine for silent acid reflux?
  • What is heartburn?
  • What is silent acid reflux?
  • The most common symptoms of silent reflux

REFLUX FORMULA

Stop silent acid reflux now

Get Started
DOWNLOAD YOUR GUIDE
ABOUT
TERMS OF SERVICE
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Laryngopharyngeal reflux or silent reflux: Diagnostic, symptoms and treatment

Laryngopharyngeal reflux, also referred to as "silent reflux," is a potential complication that can arise in those with chronic heartburn and acid reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A malfunction of the sphincter muscle located at the end of the esophagus can cause gastric acid to back up into the throat, larynx, or even the nasal passage, inflaming these areas that are not equipped to resist gastric acid.

 

Infants are more prone to experiencing silent reflux as a result of their less developed sphincter muscles, shorter esophagus, and tendency to spend a significant amount of time in a reclined position. Symptoms of silent reflux in adults differ from those of GERD since the acid is directed to the larynx instead of the esophagus, which makes diagnosis more challenging because the symptoms manifest as coughing.

Silent Reflux Symptoms

  • Excessive throat clearing: It is the constant need to clear the throat. This may be caused by inflammation in the throat due to gastric acid backing up from the stomach.
  • Persistent cough: It is a cough that lasts for more than three weeks. In the case of laryngopharyngeal reflux, the cough is caused by irritation and inflammation in the larynx due to gastric acid backing up.
  • Hoarseness: it is an alteration in the voice that makes it hoarse, rough, or weak. The presence of gastric acid in the larynx can cause swelling and edema, which can lead to hoarseness.
  • A "lump" in the throat that does not go away with repeated swallowing: this sensation is known as pharyngeal globus and may be caused by inflammation and swelling in the larynx due to gastric acid backing up.
  • A sensation of post-nasal drip or excess mucus in the throat: this is because inflammation in the larynx causes an increase in mucus production, which can cause a sensation of post-nasal drip or excess mucus in the throat.
  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia): gastric acid can damage the esophagus and make swallowing painful or difficult.
  • Breathing difficulty: inflammation in the larynx due to gastric acid can cause a feeling of tightness in the throat, which can make breathing difficult.
  • Sore throat: swelling and edema in the larynx can cause a sore throat, which may worsen when swallowing or speaking.

 

One of the possible complications of silent reflux is microaspiration and consequent infections or respiratory problems. In a study published in the Annals of the American Thoracic Society, it was shown that:

 

“Microaspiration, or silent aspiration, is commonly suspected in patients with refractory respiratory symptoms. Our clinical review examines some of the evidence supporting reflux-aspiration as a mechanism for several chronic respiratory disorders”.

Differences between laryngopharyngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease

Silent reflux and GERD are two conditions that share similar symptoms but have some important differences.

 

Silent reflux occurs when stomach contents reflux into the esophagus, but do not cause obvious symptoms such as heartburn or chest pain. Instead, symptoms may include chronic coughing, wheezing, hoarseness, or throat irritation. These symptoms are due to irritation of the esophagus and throat tissue caused by repeated exposure to gastric acid and other stomach contents.

 

On the other hand, GERD is a chronic disease caused by frequent reflux of gastric acid into the esophagus. Symptoms include heartburn, chest pain, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing, chronic coughing, and hoarseness. In the long term, acid reflux can damage the esophagus and increase the risk of esophageal cancer.

Diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux

Because of the multiple possible etiologies for respiratory and laryngeal symptoms, establishing laryngopharyngeal reflux as the cause based on symptoms alone is unreliable. Laryngoscopic findings such as erythema, edema, laryngeal granulomas, and inter arytenoid hypertrophy have been used to establish a diagnosis.

 

However, these findings are not specific at all and have been described in most asymptomatic subjects who undergo laryngoscopy. Enhancement with acid suppression therapy has been proposed as a diagnostic tool, but studies have shown that the reaction to such therapy in empirical trials is often disappointing.

 

Before a diagnosis can be made, the physician will need to take down the patient's medical history and ask for details about the symptoms the patient is experiencing. Next, the physician will need to perform a physical examination with special concentration on the head and neck.

 

The physician may need to use a specialized fiber-optic camera. This is gently inserted into the patient's throat while displaying images on a monitor. This allows the physician a clearer look at the throat and especially the larynx. Telltale signs include redness, swelling, and obvious irritation. The doctor can study reflux through different diagnostic tests:

 

  • Gastroscopy: allows knowing if esophageal inflammation (esophagitis) has occurred and its severity. It also allows taking samples for biopsy in the case of finding lesions and ruling out other diseases that may simulate reflux.
  • Esophageal manometry: a probe is used to study how the esophagus moves when the patient swallows liquids.
  • X-rays with contrast: a liquid is administered orally, which is opaque and can be seen by X-rays. The passage from the esophagus to the stomach and the existence or not of reflux into the esophagus is studied.
  • 24-hour pHmetry: consists of inserting a probe through the nose with a system at the tip that detects the pH in the esophagus and/or stomach. It allows for knowing when reflux episodes occur, how long they last, whether or not they are related to symptoms, etc.

Treatment of silent reflux

Treatment for silent reflux involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medications to reduce symptoms and prevent long-term damage to the esophagus. In most cases, the combination of dietary and hygienic combination of medications achieves symptom remission. However, it is important for a physician to determine the best treatment plan for each individual situation.

Lifestyle changes to reduce laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms

Diet is one of the most effective tools for reducing symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux. It is important to follow a low-acid diet to avoid throat irritation. Some recommended foods include melon, celery, banana, and green leafy vegetables. On the other hand, spicy or fried foods, fatty foods, citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, cheese, garlic, or mint should be avoided.

Avoiding certain beverages

In addition to food, certain beverages can aggravate the symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux, such as coffee, carbonated beverages, and alcohol. Their consumption is discouraged and their replacement with water or non-caffeinated beverages is suggested.

Eating habits

It is important not only to consider what foods and beverages are consumed but also how they are consumed. Eating slowly, chewing food well, avoiding large meals, and avoiding lying down immediately after eating can help reduce symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux. In addition, it is recommended to eat early in the day and avoid eating too close to bedtime.

Stress reduction and healthy habits

Stress is an aggravating factor for laryngopharyngeal reflux, so it is recommended to maintain a healthy and balanced lifestyle, exercise regularly, and get enough sleep to help reduce stress levels. In addition, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking are suggested to reduce symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux.

 

Scientists at the University of Vienna described in a recent study that most overweight people are prone to this disease.

 

“Silent reflux affects a majority of asymptomatic patients with morbid obesity prior to primary bariatric surgery”.

Pharmacological treatment

Pharmacological treatment is effective in mitigating the symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux. In particular, proton pump inhibitors are the most effective because they significantly reduce the amount of gastric acid. Among these, omeprazole stands out. In addition, other drugs such as antacids or histamine antagonists are also frequently used. In some cases, prokinetic drug therapy may be used.

 

  • Proton pump inhibitors: Medications that reduce the amount of acid produced by the stomach.
    • Omeprazole
    • Lansoprazole
    • Pantoprazole
    • Esomeprazole
    • Rabeprazole
  • Antacids: Medications that neutralize stomach acid.
    • Aluminum magnesium hydroxide
    • Calcium carbonate
    • Magnesium hydroxide
  • Histamine antagonists: Drugs that reduce stomach acid production by interrupting a chemical called histamine.
    • Ranitidine
    • Famotidine
    • Cimetidine
  • Prokinetic drugs: Medications that help move food through the digestive system more quickly, which can reduce the time acid stays in the esophagus.
    • Metoclopramide
    • Domperidone
    •  

A paper in the prestigious journal JAMA proposes that in cases where laryngopharyngeal reflux is associated with GERD, surgical management may be beneficial:

 

“The subgroup of patients with extraesophageal GERD, which included patients with silent reflux, symptomatic response to antireflux medications was associated with response to surgical therapies”.

References

  1. Kristo, I., Paireder, M., Jomrich, G., Felsenreich, D. M., Fischer, M., Hennerbichler, F. P., Langer, F. B., Prager, G., & Schoppmann, S. F. (2020). Silent gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with morbid obesity prior to primary metabolic surgery. Obesity Surgery, 30(12), 4885-4891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-04959-6
  2. Lee, A. S., Lee, J. S., He, Z., & Ryu, J. H. (2020). Reflux-aspiration in chronic lung disease. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 17(2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201906-427CME
  3. Naik, R. D., & Vaezi, M. F. (2019). Outcomes data on surgical therapies for silent reflux. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 145(7), 667-668. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2019.0340

 

 


ABOUT ME

Autor

Hasan

Hello, my name is Hasan. With the german version of my Reflux Formula, I helped over thousands of people from Germany, Austria and Swiss to cured their silent reflux symptoms.

more Blog Posts

  • Why sport can be risky for acid reflux
  • The best medicine for silent acid reflux?
  • What is heartburn?
  • What is silent acid reflux?
  • The most common symptoms of silent reflux

REFLUX FORMULA

Stop silent acid reflux now

Get Started
DOWNLOAD YOUR GUIDE
ABOUT
TERMS OF SERVICE
PRIVACY POLICY